CENDI Cites: Topics under Standards (Guidelines)


Digitizing/Imaging

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Quality Review of Document Images: Internal Training Guide
Author: National Digital Library Program, Library of Congress
Publisher: National Digital Library Program, Library of Congress

A training guide describing the imaging process and quality review. A glossary is included. The manual prototypes a quality review process for any organization undertaking document imaging, and specifically addresses quality review of contractors performing document imaging.

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National Imagery Transmission Format Standard (NITFS)
Author:
Publisher: NIMA

"The National Imagery Transmission Format Standard (NITFS) is the standard for formatting digital imagery and imagery-related products and exchanging them among members of the Intelligence Community (IC) as defined by Executive Order 12333, the Department of Defense (DOD), and other departments and agencies of the United States Government as governed by Memoranda of Agreement (MOA) with those departments and agencies."

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A Proposed Guideline for the Exchange of Images Among CENDI Agencies (CENDI/96-2)
Author: Image Exchange Focus Group. CENDI Information Exchange Working Group
Publisher: CENDI

Several CENDI agencies have historically shared bibliographic records. The records were reprocessed for inclusion in the receiving agency's database. With the advent of document management systems and the provision of images for the full text of technical reports, guidelines were developed for the sharing of images in addition to the corresponding bibliographic records. The guidelines include record and file layout, internal and external labeling conventions, and suggested processing for legacy images that must be matched against bibliographic records already in the recipient's database.

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CENDI Analysis of Scanning/Optical Character Recognition Position Descriptions (CENDI/96-3)
Author: Position Description Task Group. CENDI Information Exchange Working Group.
Publisher: CENDI

The changes brought about by the implementation of electronic document management system technologies and the appropriateness of the current personnel position descriptions for the hiring of individuals to staff these technologies are described. Recommendations for improving the descriptions are included.

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The Imaging of Legacy Collections Among the CENDI Agencies (CENDI/97-1)
Author: Legacy Collections Task Group. CENDI Information Exchange Working Group.
Publisher: CENDI

The status and plans for digitizing legacy collections from hardcopy are described for four of the CENDI agencies Related projects within other government organizations are reviewed. Recommendations are made for collaborative projects.

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NISO/CLIR/RLG Technical Metadata Elements for Images Workshop. April 18-19, 1999. Washington, DC.
Author: National Information Standards Organization
Publisher: National Information Standards Organization

The workshop focused on the characteristics and features of images, image production and reformatting features, and image identification and integrity issues in relation to preservation and archiving. The group agreed on a preliminary list of technical metadata elements specifically required for images, and follow-up efforts needed to future standardize

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Worldwide survey of digitised collections in major cultural institutions: an IFLA PAC/UAP joint project
Author: International Federation of Library Associations and Institutes, Universal Availability of Publications and Core Programmes for Preservation and Conservation
Publisher:

This is the Web site for a joint project of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutes Core Programmes and UNESCO. Many libraries world-wide are engaged in digization projects. However, there is no single resource from which to locate these projects. The goal of this project is to create a virtual library for these digitization projects. In addition, the programme is studying the issues related to such large scale projects and the provision of such a virtual library.

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The Cedars Project
Author: CURL (Consortium of University Libraries)
Publisher:

Home page for the Cedars Project. The Project is a Higher Education initiative funded by the Joint Information Systems Committee through the eLib program. Cedars stands for CURL (Consortium of University Libraries) exemplars in digital archives.

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Preserving Digital Assets: Cornell's Digital Image Collection Project
Author: Anne R. Keney and Oya Y. Rieger
Publisher: First Monday

This paper describes Cornell University Library's project to develop and implement a digital preservation strategy for their collection of over two and a half million mission images. Over a two year time period, the project inventoried thirty different digital image collections, investigated emerging file formats for long-term utility, explored functional requirements for storage, and drafted recommendations for the preservation of metadata. A working group was established to present the recommendations to the Library Management Team. The Project's final report will cover conversion and metadata requirements, strategies for storage, maintenance and long-term care, and an assessment of resource needs.

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Limitations and pitfalls of digitisation.
Author: Colin Webb, Director of Preservation Services, National Library of Australia
Publisher: National Library of Australia

This was a conference paper presented at the June 2000 Pacific History Association Conference in Canberra. Mr. Webb discusses digitization from three different perpectives: access, preservation and management. In the area of access, he discusses legibility of images, the difficulty of capturing fine detail without building large digital files, and the time it takes to download and print large image files. He explains that one pitfall in this area is to assume that text whether handwritten or printed can automatically be converted into highly accurate searchable text without a large investment in time and labor to organize and describe the material and in designing user interfaces. He also mentions that the issues of ownership, rights of access, and cultural sensitivities must also be addressed. From the preservation perspective, he explains that we need to ask whether digitization will help achieve the following: (1)is the image quality sufficient enough for users to want to use the copy rather than the origianl; (2) can the level of risk to the originals be controlled and minimized in the imaging process; and (3) can we provide and maintain access to the digital copy. The last area discussed is from the management perspective where he proposes three principles to be applied: (1) Digitization projects are complex; (2) Almost anything can be achieved at a cost; and (3) The cost is always more than you expect. Good project management is essential if the project is to achieve the desired objectives within the designated time frame and costs. His last comment from the management perspective is that digitization projects, because of the complexity and cost, can take up so much management time, they can easily skew our other priorities.

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Status of Technology and Digitization in the Nation's Museums and Libraries
Author:
Publisher: Institute of Museum and Library Services

This report by the IMLS investigates current trends in libraries and museums regarding the use of digitization and other technologies. This is done by examing the results of several surveys.

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NISO Initiative on Digital Rights Expression
Author: Katherine Klemperer
Publisher: National Information Standards Organization

This report outlines the NISO's discussion of Digital Rights, notably issues of reproduction and library usage.

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Long-Lived Digital Data Collections: Enabling Research and Education in the 21st Century
Author:
Publisher: National Science Foundation, National Science Board

This report collects and outlines the issues the NSF must be prepared to address in regards to the growth of digital collections and long term maintenance of such collections.

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U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Archival Materials for Electronic Access
Author: Steven Puglia; Jeffrey Reed; Erin Rhodes
Publisher: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration

This report covers NARA's guidelines for preserving a wide range of formats digitally.

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Recognizing Digitization as a Preservation Reformatting Method
Author: Kathleen Arthur, Head, Replacement & Reformatting, University of Chicago; Sherry Byrne, Preservation Librarian, University of Chicago
Publisher: Association of Research Libraries

This paper describes why digitzation is necessary in order to provide more easily stored formats of a variety of records. The paper also list and compares a wide variety of storage formats.

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